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1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(3): e130, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279851

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: O perfil do médico esperado no Brasil compreende um profissional com visão holística do ser humano. Para alcançar esse perfil, as metodologias ativas de ensino, como a aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP), vêm ganhando espaço. Para que a ABP atinja todos os seus objetivos na formação do profissional, uma boa avaliação é indispensável. A disponibilidade de instrumentos de avaliação validados representa um avanço na tentativa de mensurar e direcionar o aprendizado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos desenvolver e validar o conteúdo para um instrumento de avaliação de estudantes em sessões tutoriais para uso em cursos de Medicina que utilizem a metodologia ABP. Método: Para a construção da versão preliminar do conteúdo destinado ao instrumento, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática rápida nas bases de dados PubMed, Ebsco e BVS. Com a revisão, desenvolveu-se a versão preliminar, que contou com 24 itens agrupados em três domínios (utilização de recursos de aprendizagem, compreensão e raciocínio - D1, profissionalismo e trabalho em equipe - D2 e resolução de problemas e efetividade no grupo - D3), cada um com oito itens. Essa versão foi encaminhada a um painel de especialistas composto por tutores com pelo menos cinco anos de experiência em ABP da Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), por meio da metodologia Delphi. Resultados: Dos 32 membros inicialmente previstos no painel, 17 foram incluídos na análise dos dados, por terem respondido ao questionário completamente. Na primeira rodada, alcançou-se um valor de concordância parcial ou total superior a 70%, valor inicialmente previsto para todos os 24 itens do instrumento, o que dispensou a necessidade de uma segunda rodada. Para diminuir o número final de itens, optou-se por manter apenas os itens com pelo menos 70% de concordância total, tendo a versão final do instrumento quatro itens no D1, cinco no D2 e quatro no D3. Conclusões: O instrumento foi validado com um total de 13 itens. O conteúdo para o instrumento apresentou componentes com várias semelhanças em relação aos encontrados nos instrumentos publicados na literatura e já validados, que, por sua vez, estão de acordo com os objetivos de aprendizagem propostos pela ABP.


Abstract: Introduction: The expected doctor profile in Brazil comprises a professional with a holistic view of the human being. To achieve this profile, active teaching methodologies, such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), are gaining ground. For PBL to achieve all its objectives in the training of professionals, good assessment is essential. The availability of validated assessment instruments represents an advance in the attempt to measure and direct learning. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate the content for an instrument for assessing students in tutorial sessions for use in medical courses that use PBL methodology. Method: For the construction of the preliminary version of the content for the instrument, a Rapid Systematic Review was carried out in the PUBMED, EBSCO and BVS databases. The preliminary version was thus developed with 24 items grouped in three domains (use of learning, understanding and reasoning resources - D1, Professionalism and teamwork - D2, and Problem-solving and group effectiveness - D3), each with eight items. This version was sent to a panel of experts made up of tutors with at least five years' experience in PBL at the Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), using the Delphi methodology. Results: Of the 32 members initially earmarked for the panel, 17 were included in the data analysis, for having fully answered the questionnaire. In the first round, a partial or total agreement value greater than 70 percent was reached, which was initially expected, for all 24 items of the instrument, which dispensed with the need for a second round. To reduce the final number of items, only those with at least 70 percent total agreement were maintained, with the final version of the instrument containing four items on D1, five on D2 and four on D3. Conclusions: The instrument was validated with a total of thirteen items. The content for the instrument brought components with several similarities to those that make up the instruments published in the literature that have already been validated, which in turn are in accordance with the learning objectives proposed by PBL.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Medical , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Educational Measurement/methods , Mentoring
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2017. 121 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-868161

ABSTRACT

ntrodução - Quando se fala da epidemiologia do suicídio, é importante destacar que as estatísticas oficiais podem estar subestimadas em decorrência de possíveis falhas na identificação e classificação da causa de morte. Objetivo - Investigar a existência de suicídios de adolescentes da cidade de Recife, que tenham sido classificados como óbitos de intencionalidade indeterminada, dos anos de 2000 a 2014, e a percepção dos legistas sobre o fenômeno e sua subnotificação. Metodologia - No Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) de Recife, foram coletados todos os dados dos óbitos de adolescentes com intencionalidade indeterminada. Em seguida, foi criado um banco de dados com essas informações e, a partir deste, foram localizados, no Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML) de Recife, os documentos (Boletim de Ocorrência, Guia de Remoção de Cadáver, Ofício Policial de Encaminhamento do Corpo ao IML, Livro de Registro de Entrada de Corpos no IML, Laudo Tanatoscópico, Laudo Toxicológico e a guia rosa da Declaração de Óbito) referentes ao percurso que o corpo de cada vítima fez até ter sua morte classificada como indeterminada. Após o exame de cada um desses documentos, foi possível reclassificar 43 (21 por cento ) dos 203 óbitos em questão, utilizando um escore baseado no Índice de Concordância entre as classificações da intencionalidade do óbito registradas nos documentos. Todos os óbitos que apresentaram um percentual de concordância acima de 50 por cento , a partir da consulta aos referidos documentos, tiveram sua intencionalidade reclassificada. Para a definição e reclassificação dos casos, foi utilizada a décima revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), na qual os suicídios correspondem aos códigos X60 a X84, sob a denominação de lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente. Resultados - Dos casos inicialmente classificados como sendo de intencionalidade indeterminada (n=203), 9 por cento (n=19) foram reclassificados como suicídio. A estatística oficial do SIM reporta que, no período estudado, houve apenas 61 suicídios. Contudo, ao somar os 19 suicídios reclassificados ao quantitativo da estatística oficial, tem-se um total de 80 suicídios de adolescentes ocorridos de 2000 a 2014, o que indica um percentual geral de 23,7 por cento de subnotificação. Não houve mudança no perfil das vítimas quando comparamos os dados antes e depois da reclassificação dos casos. Em ambas as situações, o maior contingente de casos de suicídio se concentra no seguinte perfil: adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos e de raça/cor parda. De acordo com os legistas entrevistados, questões como a sobrecarga de trabalho e a quantidade reduzida de recursos humanos são fatores que podem interferir no processo de indeterminação da intencionalidade dos óbitos. Conclusões - A partir da recuperação de informações contidas nos documentos encontrados no IML, foi possível reclassificar a intencionalidade das mortes por causas externas, melhorando a qualidade dos dados do SIM e permitindo a elaboração de um perfil epidemiológico mais fidedigno e condizente com o que ocorre na realidade. Este estudo, portanto, dentre todas as conclusões obtidas, reafirma a necessidade de sensibilizar constantemente os profissionais envolvidos no registro do óbito, para que se tenha um aprimoramento na qualidade das informações em saúde


Introduction - Regarding suicide epidemiology, it is important to highlight that official statistics may be underestimated due to possible mistakes on the identification and classification of the cause of death. Objective - To investigate the existence of suicide cases among adolescents in the city of Recife, which had been classified as undetermined intentionality deaths, from the years 2000 to 2014, and the perception of the medical examiners on the phenomenon and its sub notification. Methodology - In the Mortality Information System (SIM) in Recife, all data from adolescent deaths with undetermined intentionality was collected. Afterward, a databank with all this information was created and, from there, the documents could be located in the Medico-Legal Institute (IML) in Recife: the Event bulletin, the Body Removal document, the Police document for Corpse Entry in IML, the Registry Book for Corpse Entry in IML, the Cause of Death and Toxicology reports and the pink version of the Death Certificate; all these documents refer to the path the body of each victim made until having its death classified as undetermined. After examination of each one of these documents, it was possible to reclassify 43 (21 per cent ) out of the 203 deaths in the case, using a score based on the index of agreement between classifications of death intentionality registered in the documents. All deaths which presented a percentage of agreement above 50 per cent from the consultation to the referred documents had their intentionality reclassified. For the definition and reclassification of such cases, the tenth review of the International Disease Classification (CID-10) was used, where suicides correspond to codes X60 to X84, under the name of intentionally self-inflicted lesions. Results - Out of the cases initially classified as having undetermined intentionality (n=203), 9 per cent (n=19) were reclassified as suicide. The official statistics from SIM report that, within the studied period of time, there were only 61 suicides. However, adding the 19 reclassified cases to the official statistics quantitative, there are a total of 80 suicides among adolescents from the year 2000 to 2014, which indicates a general percentage of 23.7 per cent of sub notification. There was no change in the profile of the victims when comparing data from before and after the reclassification of the cases. In both situations, the bigger contingent of suicide cases is concentrated in the following profile: male adolescents, brown-coloured, aging from 15 to 19 years. According to the interviewed medical examiners, issues such as work overload and reduced amount of human resources are factors that might interfere in the process of undetermining death intentionality. Conclusions - From the recuperation of information contained in the documents found in IML, it was possible to reclassify the intentionality of deaths by external causes, improving the quality of data in SIM and allowing the elaboration of a more reliable and compatible epidemiologic profile regarding reality. This study, in fact, among all the obtained conclusions, reaffirms the need for constant sensitization of professionals involved in the death registration process, so that there is an enhancement in the quality of information in healthcare


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Cause of Death , Coroners and Medical Examiners , Intention , Mortality Registries , Suicide , Information Systems
3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 59(3): 226-230, 06/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751310

ABSTRACT

Objective Diabetes mellitus is the main cause of Charcot neuroarthropathy and is clinically classified as follows: Charcot foot, acute Charcot foot (ACF) when there is inflammation, and inactive Charcot foot when inflammatory signs are absent. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for ACF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods A matched case-control study was conducted to assess the factors associated with acute Charcot foot from February 2000 until September 2012. Four controls for each case were selected 47 cases of ACF and 188 controls without ACF were included. Cases and controls were matched by year of initialization of treatment. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate matched odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results In multivariate analysis, patients having less than 55 years of age (adjusted OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.69 – 9.94), literate education age (adjusted OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.40 – 9.92), living alone (adjusted OR = 5.84, 95% CI = 1.49 – 22.86), previous ulceration (adjusted OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.62 – 14.51) were at increased risk of ACF. However, peripheral arterial disease (adjusted OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05 – 0.52) of 6.25 (1.92 – 20.0) was a protective factor.Discussion The results suggest that PCA in type 2 diabetes primarily affects patients under 55 who live alone, are literate, and have a prior history of ulcers, and that peripheral arterial disease is a protective factor. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):226-30.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arthropathy, Neurogenic/etiology , Diabetic Foot/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Odds Ratio , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors , Age Factors
4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 43(2): 653-660, Apr.-June 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644483

ABSTRACT

Mangrove forests encompass a group of trees species that inhabit the intertidal zones, where soil is characterized by the high salinity and low availability of oxygen. The phyllosphere of these trees represent the habitat provided on the aboveground parts of plants, supporting in a global scale, a large and complex microbial community. The structure of phyllosphere communities reflects immigration, survival and growth of microbial colonizers, which is influenced by numerous environmental factors in addition to leaf physical and chemical properties. Here, a combination of culture-base methods with PCR-DGGE was applied to test whether local or plant specific factors shape the bacterial community of the phyllosphere from three plant species (Avicenia shaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle), found in two mangroves. The number of bacteria in the phyllosphere of these plants varied between 3.62 x 10(4) in A. schaeriana and 6.26 x 10³ in R. mangle. The results obtained by PCR-DGGE and isolation approaches were congruent and demonstrated that each plant species harbor specific bacterial communities in their leaves surfaces. Moreover, the ordination of environmental factors (mangrove and plant species), by redundancy analysis (RDA), also indicated that the selection exerted by plant species is higher than mangrove location on bacterial communities at phyllosphere.


Subject(s)
Avicennia/genetics , Environmental Microbiology , Genetic Variation , In Vitro Techniques , Culture Media/analysis , Oxygen/analysis , Phenotype , Plant Structures , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Saltpetre Soils/analysis , Wetlands , Methods , Survival , Trees
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